Full Citation
Title: Depressive symptoms during the menopausal transition: the Study of Women's Health Across the Nation (SWAN).
Citation Type: Journal Article
Publication Year: 2007
ISBN:
ISSN: 0165-0327
DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2007.01.034
NSFID:
PMCID:
PMID: 17331589
Abstract: BACKGROUND The influence of menopausal status on depressive symptoms is unclear in diverse ethnic groups. This study examined the longitudinal relationship between changes in menopausal status and the risk of clinically relevant depressive symptoms and whether the relationship differed according to initial depressive symptom level. METHODS 3302 African American, Chinese, Hispanic, Japanese, and White women, aged 42-52 years at entry into the Study of Women's Health Across the Nation (SWAN), a community-based, multisite longitudinal observational study, were evaluated annually from 1995 through 2002. Random effects multiple logistic regression analyses were used to determine the relationship between menopausal status and prevalence of low and high depressive symptom scores (CES-D <16 or > or =16) over 5 years. RESULTS At baseline, 23% of the sample had elevated CES-D scores. A woman was more likely to report CES-D > or =16 when she was early peri-, late peri-, postmenopausal or currently/formerly using hormone therapy (HT), relative to when she was premenopausal (OR range 1.30 to 1.71). Effects were somewhat stronger for women with low CES-D scores at baseline. Health and psychosocial factors increased the odds of having a high CES-D and in some cases, were more important than menopausal status. LIMITATIONS We used a measure of current depressive symptoms rather than a diagnosis of clinical depression. Thus, we can only make conclusions about symptoms current at annual assessments. CONCLUSION Most midlife women do not experience high depressive symptoms. Those that do are more likely to experience high depressive symptom levels when perimenopausal or postmenopausal than when premenopausal, independent of factors such as difficulty paying for basics, negative attitudes, poor perceived health, and stressful events.
Url: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17331589
Url: http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=PMC2048765
User Submitted?: No
Authors: Bromberger, Joyce T; Matthews, Karen A; Schott, Laura L; Brockwell, Sarah; Avis, Nancy E; Kravitz, Howard M; Everson-Rose, Susan A; Gold, Ellen B; Sowers, Mary Fran; Randolph, John F
Periodical (Full): Journal of affective disorders
Issue: 1-3
Volume: 103
Pages: 267-72
Countries: